This just started to happen inside a chroot environment with HEAD from
last week:

[root@matterhorn ~]# rpm -ivh /openldap-2.4.19-1ark.src.rpm
error: Failed dependencies:
        gdbm-devel is needed by openldap-2.4.19-1ark.src
        openssl-devel is needed by openldap-2.4.19-1ark.src
        pam-devel is needed by openldap-2.4.19-1ark.src
        tcp_wrappers-devel is needed by openldap-2.4.19-1ark.src
        libtool >= 1.4 is needed by openldap-2.4.19-1ark.src
[Those dependencies are set in BuildRequires: in the spec file, so they're
identified correctly]

But all the packages it's complaining about are there, an rpm knows they
are:
[root@matterhorn ~]# rpm -q gdbm-devel openssl-devel pam-devel
tcp_wrappers-devel libtool
gdbm-devel-1.8.3-5ark.x86_64
openssl-devel-1.0.0-0.beta4.2ark.x86_64
pam-devel-1.1.0-1ark.x86_64
tcp_wrappers-devel-7.6-36ark.x86_64
libtool-2.2.6b-1ark.x86_64
[root@matterhorn rpm]# rpm -q --provides gdbm-devel openssl-devel
pam-devel tcp_wrappers-devel libtool
gdbm-devel = 1.8.3-5ark
openssl-devel = 1.0.0-0.beta4.2ark
pam-devel = 1.1.0-1ark
tcp_wrappers-devel = 7.6-36ark
libtool = 2.2.6b-1ark


rpm --rebuilddb and db_recover -ev don't change anything about it.


Same thing with some verbosity added:
[root@matterhorn ~]# rpm -vvv -ivh /openldap-2.4.19-1ark.src.rpm
D: pool fd:     created size 392 limit -1 flags 0
D: pool lua:    created size 56 limit -1 flags 0
D: pool ts:     created size 1216 limit -1 flags 0
D: pool gi:     created size 160 limit -1 flags 0
D: pool dig:    created size 408 limit -1 flags 0
D: pool h:      created size 352 limit -1 flags 0
D: Expected size:      5588482 = lead(96)+sigs(920)+pad(0)+data(5587466)
D:   Actual size:      5588482
D: pool ctx:    created size 104 limit -1 flags 0
D: /openldap-2.4.19-1ark.src.rpm: Header SHA1 digest: OK
(27c54237e8e3044cc3d04d2eed3d8345f37
55ef2)
D: pool te:     created size 360 limit -1 flags 0
D: pool ds:     created size 224 limit -1 flags 0
D: pool fi:     created size 552 limit -1 flags 0
D: pool bf:     created size 48 limit -1 flags 0
D: pool db:     created size 320 limit -1 flags 0
D: pool dbi:    created size 440 limit -1 flags 0
D: rpmdb: cpus 4 physmem 3950Mb
D: opening  db environment /var/lib/rpm/Packages thread:lock:log:mpool:txn
D: opening  db index       /var/lib/rpm/Packages thread:rdonly:auto_commit
mode=0x0
D: pool tsi:    created size 40 limit -1 flags 0
D: ========== +++ openldap-2.4.19-1ark.src x86_64/linux 0x0
D: pool ps:     created size 32 limit -1 flags 0
D: opening  db index       /var/lib/rpm/Providename
thread:rdonly:auto_commit mode=0x0
D: pool mi:     created size 144 limit -1 flags 0
D:  Requires: gdbm-devel                                    NO
D: package openldap-2.4.19-1ark.src has unsatisfied Requires: gdbm-devel
D:  Requires: openssl-devel                                 NO
D: package openldap-2.4.19-1ark.src has unsatisfied Requires:
openssl-devel
D:  Requires: pam-devel                                     NO
D: package openldap-2.4.19-1ark.src has unsatisfied Requires: pam-devel
D:  Requires: perl                                          YES (db
provides)
D:  Requires: tcp_wrappers-devel                            NO
D: package openldap-2.4.19-1ark.src has unsatisfied Requires:
tcp_wrappers-devel
D:  Requires: libtool >= 1.4                                NO
D: package openldap-2.4.19-1ark.src has unsatisfied Requires: libtool >=
1.4
D:  Requires: db-devel                                      YES (db
provides)
D: pool mire:   created size 128 limit -1 flags 0
D:  Requires: rpmlib(PayloadIsLzma) <= 4.4.6-1              YES (rpmlib
provides)
D: opening  db index       /var/lib/rpm/Conflictname
thread:rdonly:auto_commit mode=0x0
D: closed   db index       /var/lib/rpm/Conflictname
D: closed   db index       /var/lib/rpm/Providename
D: closed   db index       /var/lib/rpm/Packages
D: closed   db environment /var/lib/rpm/Packages
error: Failed dependencies:
        gdbm-devel is needed by openldap-2.4.19-1ark.src
        openssl-devel is needed by openldap-2.4.19-1ark.src
        pam-devel is needed by openldap-2.4.19-1ark.src
        tcp_wrappers-devel is needed by openldap-2.4.19-1ark.src
        libtool >= 1.4 is needed by openldap-2.4.19-1ark.src
D: ========== recording tsort relations
D: ========== tsorting packages (order, #predecessors, #succesors, tree,
Ldepth, Rbreadth)
D:     0    0    0    1    0    0 +openldap-2.4.19-1ark.src
D: pool gi:     reused 0, alloc'd 1, free'd 1 items.
D: pool mi:     reused 24, alloc'd 1, free'd 1 items.
D: pool tsi:    reused 13, alloc'd 1, free'd 1 items.
D: pool ts:     reused 0, alloc'd 1, free'd 1 items.
D: pool te:     reused 0, alloc'd 1, free'd 1 items.
D: pool ps:     reused 0, alloc'd 1, free'd 1 items.
D: pool ds:     reused 16, alloc'd 6, free'd 6 items.
D: pool fi:     reused 0, alloc'd 1, free'd 1 items.
D: pool db:     reused 0, alloc'd 1, free'd 1 items.
D: pool dbi:    reused 0, alloc'd 3, free'd 3 items.
D: pool h:      reused 2, alloc'd 2, free'd 2 items.
D: pool lua:    reused 0, alloc'd 1, free'd 1 items.
D: pool mire:   reused 0, alloc'd 1, free'd 1 items.
D: pool bf:     reused 0, alloc'd 1, free'd 1 items.
D: pool ctx:    reused 0, alloc'd 2, free'd 2 items.
D: pool dig:    reused 0, alloc'd 1, free'd 1 items.
D: pool fd:     reused 11, alloc'd 2, free'd 2 items.
[root@matterhorn rpm]# rpm -vvv -q gdbm-devel openssl-devel pam-devel
tcp_wrappers-devel libtool
D: pool fd:     created size 392 limit -1 flags 0
D: pool lua:    created size 56 limit -1 flags 0
D: pool ts:     created size 1216 limit -1 flags 0
D: pool gi:     created size 160 limit -1 flags 0
D: pool db:     created size 320 limit -1 flags 0
D: pool dbi:    created size 440 limit -1 flags 0
D: rpmdb: cpus 4 physmem 3950Mb
D: opening  db environment /var/lib/rpm/Packages thread:lock:log:mpool:txn
D: opening  db index       /var/lib/rpm/Packages thread:rdonly:auto_commit
mode=0x0
D: opening  db index       /var/lib/rpm/Nvra thread:rdonly:auto_commit
mode=0x0
D: pool mi:     created size 144 limit -1 flags 0
D: pool mire:   created size 128 limit -1 flags 0
D: pool h:      created size 352 limit -1 flags 0
gdbm-devel-1.8.3-5ark.x86_64
D: pool tsi:    created size 40 limit -1 flags 0
openssl-devel-1.0.0-0.beta4.2ark.x86_64
pam-devel-1.1.0-1ark.x86_64
tcp_wrappers-devel-7.6-36ark.x86_64
libtool-2.2.6b-1ark.x86_64
D: closed   db index       /var/lib/rpm/Nvra
D: closed   db index       /var/lib/rpm/Packages
D: closed   db environment /var/lib/rpm/Packages
D: pool gi:     reused 0, alloc'd 1, free'd 1 items.
D: pool mi:     reused 4, alloc'd 1, free'd 1 items.
D: pool tsi:    reused 11, alloc'd 1, free'd 1 items.
D: pool ts:     reused 0, alloc'd 1, free'd 1 items.
D: pool db:     reused 0, alloc'd 1, free'd 1 items.
D: pool dbi:    reused 0, alloc'd 2, free'd 2 items.
D: pool h:      reused 4, alloc'd 1, free'd 1 items.
D: pool lua:    reused 0, alloc'd 1, free'd 1 items.
D: pool mire:   reused 4, alloc'd 1, free'd 1 items.
D: pool fd:     reused 10, alloc'd 2, free'd 2 items.
[root@matterhorn rpm]# rpm -vvv -q --provides gdbm-devel openssl-devel
pam-devel tcp_wrappers-devel libtool
D: pool fd:     created size 392 limit -1 flags 0
D: pool lua:    created size 56 limit -1 flags 0
D: pool ts:     created size 1216 limit -1 flags 0
D: pool gi:     created size 160 limit -1 flags 0
D: pool db:     created size 320 limit -1 flags 0
D: pool dbi:    created size 440 limit -1 flags 0
D: rpmdb: cpus 4 physmem 3950Mb
D: opening  db environment /var/lib/rpm/Packages thread:lock:log:mpool:txn
D: opening  db index       /var/lib/rpm/Packages thread:rdonly:auto_commit
mode=0x0
D: opening  db index       /var/lib/rpm/Nvra thread:rdonly:auto_commit
mode=0x0
D: pool mi:     created size 144 limit -1 flags 0
D: pool mire:   created size 128 limit -1 flags 0
D: pool h:      created size 352 limit -1 flags 0
gdbm-devel = 1.8.3-5ark
D: pool tsi:    created size 40 limit -1 flags 0
openssl-devel = 1.0.0-0.beta4.2ark
pam-devel = 1.1.0-1ark
tcp_wrappers-devel = 7.6-36ark
libtool = 2.2.6b-1ark
D: closed   db index       /var/lib/rpm/Nvra
D: closed   db index       /var/lib/rpm/Packages
D: closed   db environment /var/lib/rpm/Packages
D: pool gi:     reused 0, alloc'd 1, free'd 1 items.
D: pool mi:     reused 4, alloc'd 1, free'd 1 items.
D: pool tsi:    reused 11, alloc'd 1, free'd 1 items.
D: pool ts:     reused 0, alloc'd 1, free'd 1 items.
D: pool db:     reused 0, alloc'd 1, free'd 1 items.
D: pool dbi:    reused 0, alloc'd 2, free'd 2 items.
D: pool h:      reused 4, alloc'd 1, free'd 1 items.
D: pool lua:    reused 0, alloc'd 1, free'd 1 items.
D: pool mire:   reused 4, alloc'd 1, free'd 1 items.
D: pool fd:     reused 10, alloc'd 2, free'd 2 items.